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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among junior middle school students in Tianjin, and to explore the association between latent classes of health risk behaviors and depressive symptoms, so as to provide clues for identifying high risk groups of depressive symptoms and a scientific basis for comprehensive intervention measures.@*Methods@#By using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method, 8 175 students in 16 districts of Tianjin were investigated with demographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and health risk behaviors. Latent class analysis was performed by Mplus 8.3. SPSS 23.0.@*Results@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms among junior high school students in Tianjin was 17.8%,the prevalence of depressive symptoms in urban(19.4%) areas was higher than that in rural areas(16.5%),and that of female students( 20.2 %) was higher than that of male students(15.5%)( χ 2=11.62,30.58, P <0.01). Health risk behaviors were classified into three groups: healthy group (84.0%), poor diet group ( 3.8 %) and multiple risk behaviors group (12.2%). After adjusting for region, grade, gender, and family type, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the poor diet group ( OR=2.82, 95%CI =2.17-3.66) and the multiple risk behaviors group ( OR=4.31, 95%CI =3.67-5.05) had a higher risk of depressive symptoms compared with the healthy group ( P ＜0.01).@*Conclusion@#Depressive symptoms are prevalent among junior middle school students in Tianjin. Different latent classes of health risk behaviors have different correlations with depressive symptoms. It is important to ensure early detection and personalized intervention for different types of health risk behavior among junior middle school students to maximize cost effectiveness.
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In order to obtain virus-like particles (VLPs) for prevention of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), the C-Erns-E1-E2 region was cloned into a pFastBacDaul vector for generating the recombinant Bacmid-BVDV-1 in DH10Bac Escherichia coli. The recombinant baculovirus Baculo-BVDV-1 was produced by transfecting the Sf9 cells with Bacmid-BVDV-1. The expressed protein and the assembled VLPs were determined by immunofluorescence, Western blotting and electron microscopy. Guinea pigs were immunized with inactivated VLPs coupled with the Montanide ISA-201 adjuvant. The immunogenicity of VLPs was evaluated by monitoring the humoral immune response with neutralizing antibody titer determination, as well as by analyzing the cell-mediated immune response with lymphocyte proliferation assay. The protective efficacy of VLPs was evaluated by challenging with 106 TCID50 virulent BVDV-1 strain AV69. The results showed that the recombinant Baculo-BVDV-1 efficiently expressed BVDV structural protein and form VLPs in infected Sf9 cells. The immunization of guinea pigs with VLPs resulted in a high titer (1:144) of neutralizing antibody, indicating an activated cellular immunity. Significantly lower viral RNA in the blood of the post-challenged immunized guinea pigs was observed. The successful preparation of BVDV VLPs with insect cell expression system and the observation of the associated immunogenicity may facilitate further development of a VLPs-based vaccine against BVD.
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Animals , Antibodies, Viral , Diarrhea , Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral , Guinea Pigs , Mineral Oil , Viral Envelope Proteins , Viral VaccinesABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the etiology and risk factors of central venous catheter (CVCs) infections, and to explore the prophylaxis and treatment for catheter-related infections. Methods A retrospective study was conducted. The patients with CVCs admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from January 2000 to December 2016 were enrolled. The gender, age, catheter data and microorganism culture results of all patients were collected. The infection rate and the incidences of CVCs infection per 1 000 catheter days were calculated. The risk factors of CVCs infection were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results 1 160 patients were enrolled in 17 years [male 915, female 245, age 7-98 years, mean (71.8±17.5) years]. The incidences of CVCs infection per 1 000 catheter days were descended every 3 years (cases/1 000 days: 21.87, 24.50, 19.95, 12.64, 16.34, 12.40, χ2=38.851, P = 0.000). Of the 1 160 patients, 375 were positive for catheter culture, and 397 strains were cultured, among which 173 strains (43.58%) were Gram negative (G-), 130 strains (32.74%) of Gram positive (G+), and 94 strains of fungi (23.68%). Non-fermenting bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11.59%, Acinetobacter baumannii 8.82%) was predominant in the G- bacteria, followed by Enterobacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae 8.06%, Escherichia coli 2.02%); Staphylococcus spp. (Staphylococcus epidermidis 11.84%, Staphylococcus aureus 5.29%) was the main species of G+bacteria; the main fungi were Candida tropicalis (9.07%) and Candida albicans (5.79%). The catheter infection rate of internal jugular vein, femoral vein and subclavian vein were 36.07% (22/61), 35.52% (119/335), 30.63% (234/764) respectively (χ2=2.275, P = 0.099), the incidence of catheter infection of three vein insertion sites per 1 000 catheter days were 18.00, 17.71, 17.08 cases/1 000 days respectively (χ2= 0.034, P = 0.714). The mean placement time of infected CVCs in situ was longer than that of non-infected CVCs (days: 20.80±11.68 vs. 17.64±10.77, t = 4.417, P = 0.000).The positive rate was lowest during 1-7 days of indwelling time (19.87%, 30/151). The infection rate was increased with long indwelling time. The positive rate was 44.44% (68/153) as indwelling time was over 30 days. The infection rate was significantly positively related to indwelling time (χ2= 22.849, P = 0.000). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the infection risk of femoral vein catheter was increased [odds ratio (OR) = 1.362, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.030-1.801, P = 0.030] as compared with that of subclavian vein catheter; the infection risk was increased with long indwelling time (OR = 1.306, 95%CI = 1.177-1.480, P = 0.000). Conclusions G- are the major pathogens of CVCs infection. Femoral vein catheter and long indwelling time are the risk factors of CVCs infection.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) for continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in patients with severe trauma.Methods Sixty-four patients with severe trauma who needed to apply continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and were admitted into the department of critical care medicine in Tianjin Hospital from June 2013 to August 2015 were enrolled in the study.According to the patient's actual condition,they were divided into two groups:no anticoagulant group (29 cases) and RCA group (35 cases).The filter lifetime,after treatment the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),acid-base balance,free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and serum sodium (Na+) concentrations,bleeding episodes were compared between the two groups.Results The average filter lifetime in RCA group was longer than that in no anticoagulant group (hours:50.7 ± 11.3 vs.4.9 ± 1.2,P ＜ 0.01).After the end of treatment,the levels of APTT (s:30.7 ± 8.8 vs.32.1 ± 7.3),pH value (7.41 ± 0.09 vs.7.40 ± 0.07),[Ca2+]i (mmol/L:2.13 ± 0.20 vs.2.21 ± 0.17),and Na+ (mmol/L:139 ± 8 vs.141 ± 6) were ofno significant differences between the RCA group and the no anticoagulant group (all P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of clinicalbleeding in RCA group was lower than that in no anticoagulant group [2.9％ (1/35) vs.13.8％ (4/29)],but the differencewas not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions RCA-CVVH is a safe and effective therapeutic method inpatients with severe trauma who need for CRRT,the stability of internal environment is not affected and no incidence ofclinical bleeding event is increased.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus ozone injection in treating neuralgia due to acute herpes zoster.Method Sixty patients with neuralgia due to acute herpes zoster were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by intravenous injection of Acyclovir, muscular injection of Mecobalamin, and external application of Acyclovir cream. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus zone injection in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The time taken for the blisters to cease, crust, and decrust was observed, as well as the change of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups. Result There were significant inter-group differences in comparing the time for the blisters to cease, crust and decrust (P<0.01, P<0.05). The VAS scores were significantly changed after treatment in both groups (P<0.01). After treatment, the VAS score in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 96.7% in the treatment group versus 83.3% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture plus zone injection is an effective method in treating neuralgia due to acute herpes zoster.
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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of multisystem impairment of Sj(o)gren's syndrome (SS) to make quick and accurate diagnose and treatment to decrease the rate of misdiagnosis and mistreatment.Methods A case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with SS was reported and the related literatures were reviewed.The clinical manifestations,laboratory examinations,diagnostic criteria and therapy of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with SS were analyzed.Results Purpura haemorrhagica,hemolytic anemia,central nervous systemic symptoms,kidney impairment and fever were the representative clinical manifestations of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with SS.Plasmapheresis was the most effective therapy with the background treatment with glucocorticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents.Conclusion Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with SS presents a complicated clinical manifestations,so misdiagnosis and mistreatment is very frequent.More attention should be paid to this specific situation because the disease is rare and has high mortality rate.
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@# Objective To investigate the relationship between blood lipids levels and leukoaraiosis (LA). Methods 322 cases were designed into non-LA group (n=141) and LA group (n=181) according to MRI. LA group was further designed into mild (Fazekas Ⅰ, n=57),moderate (Fazekas Ⅱ, n=52), and severe (Fazekas Ⅲ, n=72) groups according to Fazekas classification. Their blood lipids levels were compared.Results The level of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased (P<0.05) with the level of LA,while the level of triglycerides (TG) increased in all the LA groups (P<0.05), but no significant difference among them (P>0.05). There was no significant difference among all the groups in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P>0.05). Conclusion TC, TG, and LDL-Cincrease in those with LA, and the TC and LDL-C increase with the severity of LA. The HDL-C do not relate with LA.
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@# Objective To investigate the relationship between blood lipids levels and leukoaraiosis (LA). Methods 322 cases were designed into non-LA group (n=141) and LA group (n=181) according to MRI. LA group was further designed into mild (Fazekas Ⅰ, n=57),moderate (Fazekas Ⅱ, n=52), and severe (Fazekas Ⅲ, n=72) groups according to Fazekas classification. Their blood lipids levels were compared.Results The level of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased (P<0.05) with the level of LA,while the level of triglycerides (TG) increased in all the LA groups (P<0.05), but no significant difference among them (P>0.05). There was no significant difference among all the groups in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P>0.05). Conclusion TC, TG, and LDL-Cincrease in those with LA, and the TC and LDL-C increase with the severity of LA. The HDL-C do not relate with LA.
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Objective To investigate the effect of continuous high volume hemofiltration (HVHF)on respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). MethodsForty-one adult patients with MODS who received mechanical ventilation were divided into HVHF group(21 cases) and continuous vein-vein hemofiltration (CVVH) group (20 cases) by envelople. The peak airway pressure (Ppeak), dynamic pulmonary compliance(Cdyn), cardiac output(CO ), systemic vascular resistance(SVR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and blood gas analysis before treatment and 24 hours after treatment were measured. Results Twenty-four hours after treatment, the levels of Ppeak, Cdyn, CO, PVR,SVR and oxygenation index were (31.32 ±2.23) cm H2O (1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa), (26.18 ±3.54)(220.41 ±21.41) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) respectively in HVHF group,significantly higher than those before treatment [(42.00 ±3.34) cm H2O, (17.91 ±4.31) ml/cm H2O, (8.68 ±1.17) L/min,(267.27 ± 16.29) dyn·s·cm-5, (805.32 ± 18.82)dyn ·s·cm-5, ( 119.41 ± 17.10) mm Hg] (P ＜ 0.01 ),as well as higher than those in CVVH group after 24 hours' treatment (P ＜ 0.01 ). ConclusionHVHF shows significant beneficial effects on respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics of MODS.
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Buprenorphine,one kind of new drugs,is abused in recent years.In this review,some determination and extraction methods for buprenorphine are introduced.The relative merits of liquid-liquid extraction,solid phase extraction,hydrolysis and derivatization methods are compared.The analytical methods such as TLC,GC,GC/MS and LC,LC/MS are discussed.
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7% (OR=4.640,95%CI=1.064 to 20.239,P=0.041) were the high risk factors for myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Conclusion Poor control of the 4 factors is the high risk factor for myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Overall and effective control of such risk factors can decrease the incidence of myocardial ischemia and improve its treatment.
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Objective To investigate the polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-?2(PPAR-?2) and its association with obesity in Chinese population.Methods According to BMI,89 subjects who are in normal body weight range and 116 overweighted and obese subjects were included in this study.Their Pro12Ala mutation in the PPAR-?2 gene was detected by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results Allele frequency of Ala mutation of PPAR-?2 in overweighted and obese subjects(qA=11.64%) was significantly higher than that of normal body weight group(qA=5.06%,P
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Objective To explore the changes and significances of platelet granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140),GMP-140 in plasma,PAdT and PAgT in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods The platelet GMP-140 was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) competitive method and GMP-140 in plasma by ELISA double antibody method in blood collecting in 3 d and 2 weeks after onset in large(n=22),small(n=25) size and lacuna (n=20) cerebral infarction groups.Results The platelet GMP-140,GMP-140 in plasma,PAdT and PAgT in large cerebral infarction group in 3 d after onset were much higher than control group (P<0.001),and the small size and lacuna groups were higher (P<0.05～0.001) than control but lower than large group (P<0.05).There was no differences between the small and lacuna groups (P>0.05).The PAdT and PAgT in 3 groups were higher (P<0.01).The platelet GMP-140 and GMP-140 in plasma in all 3 groups in 2 weeks after onset had been clearly lower but still higher than control group (P<0.05),the PAdT and PAgT were normal or even more lower.Conclusion Platelet activation was significant in different types acute cerebral infarction,the concentration of GMP-140 in plasma can reflect the degree of platelets activities more well and truly than PAdT and PAgT.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on calcium load and cyclic AMP content in normal and STZdiabetic rat skeletal muscle.MethodsCalcium load and cyclic AMP content were measured in vivo and in vitro after incubation with 5.6mmol/L and 16.7mmol/L glucose concentration.Atom spectrum absorption assay for calcium and radioimmunoassay for cAMP were employed.ResultsHigh concentration glucose elevated cyclic AMP content and lessened calcium load significantly.Cyclic AMP also elevated in diabetic skeletal muscle incubated with even 5.6mmol/L glucose.Diabetes was necessary for high concentration glucose to elevate cyclic AMP in vitro,because cyclic AMP did not change in normal rat muscle even incubated with 16.7mmol/L glucose.But diabetes discounted the reduction of calcium load induced by 16.7mmol/L glucose.ConclusionThe effects of hyperglycemia on calcium load and cyclic AMP content in skeletal muscle may accord with its antiinsulin action,which may be involved in the mechanism of glucose toxicity.
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Objective: To establish the determination of alkaloids in Pericarpium Papaveris. Method: Adopting the bromocresol green as colored indicator, alkaloids in Pericarpium Papaveris were measured by visible spectrophotography. Results: The average recovery was 101.2%, the RSD was 2.46%.Conclusion: There are big difference in batchs, we should enhance the quality control of Pericarpium Papaveris.
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Objective To explore the significance and the ultrastructural changes of platelets in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Changes of platelets in 20 patients with acute cerebral infarction were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results The ultrastructural changes of platelets within 24 hours after the onset were significant,including more pseudopodium,aggregation and fusion;there were remarkable fewer alpha granules and mitochondria,the remain of mitochondria swelled and more disruption of platelet membrance were found.The degree of platelet changes consisted with the severity and sizes of cerebral infarction.The ultrastructural change of platelets was obviously restored after 2 weeks,but no restoration was found in 3 patients with large area infarction.Conclusion Ultrastructural changes of platelets in acute period of cerebral infarction were remarkable,especially a lack of alpha granules,this might be regarded as an objective index in the judgment of severity and prognosis of cerebral infarction.
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Objective To investigate the association adiponectin gene polymorphism with primary macroangiopathy in diabetes mellitus. Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were included, 56 patients complicated with atherosclerosis (AS) and 120 non-AS group. We evaluated their Gly15Gly polymorphism of adiponectin gene by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The AS patients were more likely to have GG genotype than the non-AS patients (25.0% vs 6.2%, P
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of rhein on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. Methods Rat model of diabetic mellitus was established by interperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) . Renal damages and changes of endothelin (ET) in urine and renal tissues were observed at 12 weeks after the induction of diabetic mellitus and after treatment with rhein (70 mg/kg). Results Compared with the normal rats, at 12 weeks after hyperglycemia, diabetic rats had decreased renal weight/body weight(RW/BW), significantly increased mean glomerular plane area (MGPA), mean glomerular volume (MGV), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and 24 hour urinary protein excretion (UPE) ( P